India’s forest area in doubt

Loss Evaluations in Forest Recreation Area&/

We defined a s e t of management goals f o r recreat ion f o r e s t stands which say t h a t we w i l l attempt t o maintain a healthy and vigorous, al l-aged, mixed species , properly stocked stand with numerous old-growth t r e e s . An i n f e s t a t i o n of dwarf mis t le toe may well prevent us from reaching most of these goals. The dwarf mis t le toes a f f e c t the t r e e s both d i...

Area-sensitive forest birds move extensively among forest patches

Habitat fragmentation is thought to create a barrier to individual movements particularly for area-sensitive species which, by definition, prefer to breed in large tracts of forest. For two breeding seasons, we radio-tracked an area-sensitive species, the scarlet tanager Piranga olivacea, in a fragmented landscape in northeastern PA. We found that scarlet tanagers made extensive and frequent mo...

Faith, Hope and Doubt

Recognizing Optimality Criteria in Financing Institutions Forest-Mountain Area of Eastern Bandpey, Babol County

Introduction After land reform, some actions have been done for rural finance by creating financial institutions such as credit cooperatives, Agriculture Bank and interest-free loan funds which were not successful in improving poor people livelihood. The studied area in this study includes a forest-mountain area that have small and sporadic villages and they are far from rural-urban continuu...

When in Doubt ... Be Indecisive

For a presented case, a Bayesian network classifier in essence computes a posterior probability distribution over its class variable. Based upon this distribution, the classifier’s classification function returns a single, determinate class value and thereby hides the uncertainty involved. To provide reliable decision support, however, the classifier should be able to convey indecisiveness if t...